Overview

Concussion is a complex brain injury that requires careful, personalised management. Unlike physical injuries to muscles or bones, a concussion affects brain function, and its symptoms can vary widely from one person to another. Because of this, the treatment of concussion must be tailored to the specifics of the injury, taking into account the severity of symptoms, the individual’s history, and the demands of their sport or activity.

A concussion typically results from a direct blow to the head or a force transmitted to the brain through the body, such as in a collision, fall, or impact with equipment. It disrupts normal brain activity, often leading to symptoms such as headaches, dizziness, nausea, confusion, sensitivity to light or noise, and problems with memory or concentration. Importantly, loss of consciousness is not required for a concussion to have occurred.

The first stage of treatment is immediate physical and cognitive rest. This means not only avoiding sport and physical exertion, but also reducing screen time, reading, and other mentally demanding activities. This rest phase allows the brain to begin healing without being overstimulated.

However, recovery from concussion is not always linear. Some individuals may feel better within a few days, while others experience symptoms for weeks or even longer. A rapid improvement can be followed by a temporary setback if the brain is challenged too soon. Because of this, a stepwise return-to-activity protocol is typically followed, progressing from light aerobic activity to full sport participation only when symptoms are resolved at each stage.

Treatment may also include:

Medical evaluation to monitor symptoms and rule out more serious injury

Vestibular and balance therapy if dizziness or coordination issues persist

Visual therapy for blurred vision or eye strain

Graded cognitive challenges to gently reintroduce mental demands

Psychological support is needed if anxiety, low mood, or frustration accompany the injury

No two concussions are exactly the same, and previous concussions may affect how a person recovers from subsequent ones. That’s why individualised monitoring is critical. Athletes should never return to sport until they are fully symptom-free and cleared by a qualified healthcare professional.

In all cases, the priority is to protect the brain from further injury, as returning too soon can increase the risk of second impact syndrome—a rare but potentially fatal condition—or prolong the recovery process. Educating athletes, coaches, and families about the seriousness of concussion and the importance of reporting symptoms is a vital part of long-term injury management.

In summary, concussion treatment is based on careful observation, symptom tracking, and progressive rehabilitation. It is a unique recovery process that requires patience, professional oversight, and respect for the brain’s need to heal at its own pace.