Eccentric contraction – A muscle lengthens under tension while controlling movement.

Ecological dynamics – A theory of motor learning that focuses on environment, task, and performer interactions.

Effector – A muscle or gland that responds to nerve signals by producing movement or action.

Efferent pathway – Nerve signals that travel from the central nervous system to the muscles.

Electrocardiogram (ECG) – A recording of the heart’s electrical activity.

Electromyography (EMG) – A test that measures electrical activity produced by muscles.

Electrolyte balance – Maintaining correct levels of minerals like sodium and potassium in body fluids.

Elite performance – The highest level of competitive achievement in sport.

Ellipsoid joint – A synovial joint allowing movement in two planes, like the wrist.

Emotional arousal – Heightened physical and mental alertness influenced by emotion.

Empathy – The ability to understand and share the feelings or perspectives of athletes or teammates.

End plate – The area where a motor neuron connects with a muscle fibre.

End systolic volume – The amount of blood left in the heart after it contracts.

End-diastolic volume – The volume of blood in the ventricle before it contracts.

Endocrine system – A system of glands that releases hormones to regulate body functions.

Endomysium – The connective tissue surrounding individual muscle fibres.

Endorphins – Chemicals released during exercise that reduce pain and enhance mood.

Endurance – The ability to sustain physical effort over an extended period.

Energy balance – The relationship between calories consumed and calories expended.

Energy expenditure – The total amount of energy used by the body during activity.

Energy intake – The total amount of energy consumed from food and drink.

Energy substrate – A fuel source, like glucose or fat, used to produce energy.

Environmental constraint – An external factor (like weather or surface) that influences movement.

Epidemiology – The study of how physical activity and health conditions affect populations.

Epimysium – The outer connective tissue layer that wraps around a whole muscle.

Epiphyseal plate – The growth area at the ends of long bones in children and adolescents.

Equilibrium – A state of balance between opposing forces or actions.

Ergogenic benefit – A performance-enhancing effect provided by a training method or substance.

Ergogenic device – Any piece of equipment or tool used to improve training or recovery.

Ergogenic food – A nutritional item consumed to enhance physical performance.

Ergogenic technique – A method or practice that improves physical or psychological performance.

Ergometer – A device used to measure work output during physical exercise (e.g. rowing machine).

Ergophysiology – The study of how exercise affects the body’s physical functions.

Error correction – The process of identifying and adjusting technique after a mistake.

Ethical practice – Acting in a fair, respectful, and responsible way in sport and coaching.

Eversion – Turning the sole of the foot outward away from the midline.

Evidence-based coaching – Making coaching decisions based on research, data, and athlete feedback.

Exercise adherence – The ability of an individual to stick to a training or fitness programme.

Exercise economy – The amount of energy needed to perform a movement at a given speed.

Exercise intensity – The level of effort required by an activity, often measured by heart rate or RPE.

Exercise physiology – The study of how the body responds and adapts to physical activity.

Exercise prescription – A structured plan outlining type, duration, intensity, and frequency of exercise.

Exhalation – The process of breathing out carbon dioxide from the lungs.

Exogenous carbohydrate – Carbohydrates consumed from outside the body, such as in food or drink.

Expectancy theory – A motivation theory suggesting performance is influenced by expected outcomes.

Explosive strength – The ability to generate maximum force in minimal time.

Explosive training – Exercise that improves speed and power through rapid muscle contractions.

Extension – A movement that increases the angle between two bones at a joint.

Extrinsic feedback – Performance information provided by an external source like a coach or video.

Extrinsic motivation – Drive to perform based on external rewards like praise or trophies.