Tabata – A high-intensity interval training protocol involving 20 seconds of work and 10 seconds of rest.

Tachycardia – An abnormally high resting heart rate, usually above 100 beats per minute.

Tactile feedback – Information received through touch, often used to guide technique.

Tactic – A short-term plan or decision used during gameplay to gain an advantage.

Tactical awareness – Understanding strategies and positioning in a game situation.

Tapering – The reduction of training volume and intensity before competition to enhance performance.

Target heart rate – The desired training zone for cardiovascular benefit based on age and fitness.

Task-intrinsic feedback – Sensory information naturally available to a performer during or after movement.

Task-relevant cue – A specific external or internal focus used to enhance performance.

Tautness – The degree of tightness in a muscle or structure, often assessed during movement.

Team cohesion – The level of unity and collaboration among team members.

Team dynamics – The interpersonal and structural relationships that influence group performance.

Team talk – A motivational or strategic discussion led by a coach or captain.

Technical model – The ideal biomechanical representation of a skill or movement.

Technical skill – The learned ability to perform a specific sport technique accurately and efficiently.

Technique – The method of executing a movement or skill with precision and control.

Technology in sport – The use of devices and software to analyse and enhance performance.

Teleoanticipation – The subconscious regulation of effort based on the anticipated endpoint of exercise.

Tendon – A tough, fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone.

Tendonitis – Inflammation of a tendon due to overuse or poor mechanics.

Tendinopathy – A broad term for tendon injury, including degeneration and chronic pain.

Terminal feedback – Information given after the completion of a movement or performance.

Tertiary prevention – Interventions aimed at reducing complications or progression of chronic conditions.

Test–retest reliability – The consistency of a measurement when repeated under the same conditions.

Testing battery – A group of assessments used to evaluate multiple fitness components.

Thermal balance – The state of equilibrium between heat production and heat loss.

Thermal comfort – The subjective feeling of being at a comfortable body temperature.

Thermoregulation – The body’s ability to maintain a stable internal temperature.

Thermoregulatory fatigue – Reduced ability to maintain temperature control during prolonged exercise.

Thermic effect of food – The energy used by the body to digest and process meals.

Thermogenic – A substance or process that increases body heat and metabolic rate.

Thermometer – A device used to measure body or environmental temperature.

Thigh – The upper leg segment between the hip and knee, containing powerful muscle groups.

Third-class lever – A lever where the effort is between the fulcrum and the load, common in the human body.

Threshold training – Exercise performed at or near lactate or anaerobic threshold to improve endurance.

Threshold value – The specific point at which a physiological variable begins to change significantly.

Thrombocyte – A platelet involved in blood clotting and recovery from injury.

Throwing biomechanics – The study of movement patterns in throwing to enhance performance and prevent injury.

Thrust – A driving force, often produced by the legs, arms, or core in propulsion.

Tidal volume – The amount of air moved in or out of the lungs during a normal breath.

Tibia – The shin bone, the larger of the two lower leg bones bearing body weight.

Time motion analysis – A technique used to study the movement patterns and intensity of athletes.

Time-on-task – The duration a learner spends actively engaged in practice or performance.

Tissue elasticity – The capacity of soft tissue to return to its original shape after being stretched.

Tissue healing – The physiological process of repair following injury or trauma.

Tonic contraction – A sustained, low-level muscle contraction maintaining posture and stability.

Tonic stretch reflex – A muscle response to a prolonged stretch, used in flexibility and rehab.

Total daily energy expenditure – The total amount of calories burned in a day through rest and activity.

Total lung capacity – The maximum volume of air the lungs can hold after maximal inhalation.

Touch perception – The ability to detect and interpret tactile stimuli, important in many sports.

Tracking – The ability to follow a moving object with the eyes, crucial in interceptive sports.

Training age – The number of years an athlete has been systematically training.

Training cycle – A structured period of training (e.g. microcycle or mesocycle) designed to meet specific goals.

Training density – The amount of training performed in a given period relative to time.

Training duration – The length of a single training session or total training plan.

Training frequency – How often training sessions occur within a week or cycle.

Training intensity – The level of effort required during a workout or drill.

Training load – The combination of intensity and volume over time.

Training method – A specific strategy or system used to develop a fitness component.

Training monotony – A lack of variation in training, often linked to overtraining or burnout.

Training plateau – A period during which progress slows or stops due to adaptation.

Training principle – A core concept (e.g. overload, specificity) that guides programme design.

Training response – The short- or long-term physiological changes caused by training.

Training status – An athlete’s current level of fitness, conditioning, and readiness.

Transfer of training – The effect of training one skill or fitness component on another.

Transverse abdominis – A deep core muscle involved in trunk stabilisation and posture.

Transverse plane – The anatomical plane dividing the body into upper and lower halves.

Transtheoretical model – A behaviour change framework describing stages of exercise adoption.

Trapezius – A back muscle responsible for scapula movement and upper body posture.

Treadmill test – A fitness assessment performed on a treadmill to measure aerobic capacity.

Treatment protocol – A structured plan for managing injuries or rehabilitation.

Triathlon – A multi-sport event consisting of swimming, cycling, and running.

Triceps brachii – A three-headed muscle at the back of the upper arm responsible for elbow extension.

Triglycerides – A type of fat stored in the body and used as an energy source.

Trochanter – A bony prominence near the top of the femur, important in hip movement.

Trophic effect – Hormonal stimulation that promotes growth or maintenance of tissues.

T-test – A field test for agility involving forward, lateral, and backward movements.

T-test (stats) – A statistical test used to compare two sets of data for significant differences.

Tuberosity – A raised area on bone where muscles and tendons attach.

Turf toe – A sprain of the big toe joint, common in sports played on artificial turf.

Twitch – A single rapid contraction of a muscle fibre in response to a stimulus.

Type I fibre – Slow-twitch muscle fibre, fatigue-resistant and suited for endurance activities.

Type IIa fibre – A fast oxidative muscle fibre that balances speed and endurance.

Type IIx fibre – A fast glycolytic fibre used in explosive, high-intensity efforts.

Tyrosine – An amino acid that may influence mental focus and performance under stress.

Tachypnea – Rapid breathing, often caused by high-intensity exercise or hyperventilation.

Team culture – The shared beliefs, behaviours, and values that shape a sporting environment.

Team roles – Specific responsibilities taken by players to contribute to group success.

Tendon reflex – A protective mechanism that prevents muscle damage by responding to excessive force.

Temporal lobe – A region of the brain involved in auditory processing and memory, relevant in sports communication.

Thermal stress – Strain placed on the body by heat or cold environments during exercise.

Threshold theory – The idea that performance drops once a critical physiological point is passed.

Training session plan – A structured outline of activities and objectives for a single training session.

Transfer test – A test that measures how well a skill learned in one context applies to another.

Trunk – The torso region of the body, important for core strength and stability.

Turnover rate – In biomechanics, the frequency of limb movements during running or cycling.

Typewriting effect – A metaphorical description of rhythmic motor control in skilled actions.

Tonicity – The muscle tone or resistance to passive stretch in resting muscles.