Yaw – A type of rotation around the vertical axis, used in biomechanics to describe movement direction, particularly in 3D motion analysis.

Yoga – A form of exercise combining flexibility, balance, and controlled breathing, often used in recovery, injury prevention, and holistic athlete development.

Youth training – The process of designing and implementing developmentally appropriate exercise programmes for children and adolescents, considering growth and maturation.

Youth physical development model – A framework for structuring training in young athletes to optimise long-term athletic development (LTAD).

Yield point – The point at which soft tissue or bone undergoes permanent deformation, important in understanding injury mechanisms.

Yerkes–Dodson Law – A psychological principle stating that performance improves with arousal up to an optimal point, beyond which performance declines.

Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test – A commonly used field test to measure an athlete’s aerobic and recovery capacity in team sports.

Youth athlete monitoring – The practice of tracking physical, psychological, and developmental markers in young athletes to support safe and effective training.

Y-balance test – A dynamic balance assessment used in injury screening and neuromuscular control evaluation.