A.1.1.1: The nervous system senses both internal and external conditions to coordinate the responses of the body’s physiological systems effectively.

A.1.1.2: The endocrine system, made up of the body's glands and hormones, regulates all biological processes in the body.

A.1.2.1: Homeostasis is the ability of a living organism to maintain a stable internal environment

A.1.2.2: The body has acute and possible long-term responses to the environment in which it functions.

A.1.3.2: The respiratory system enables the exchange of gases between the external environment and the body, to facilitate cellular respiration.

A.1.3.1: The cardiovascular system transports nutrients, hormones, gases, heat and waste to perform necessary bodily functions.

A.2.2.1: Macronutrients (carbohydrates, proteins and lipids) provide sources of energy to maintain bodily functions during growth, rest and physical activity.

A.2.1.1: Water and electrolyte balance is necessary for effective functioning of the body and is influenced by the environment.

A.2.2.2: Micronutrients play highly specific roles in facilitating energy transfer and tissue synthesis.

A.2.2.3: The gut microbiome influences the health and performance of an individual.

A.2.3.1: The body relies on the phosphagen, glycolytic and oxidative systems for energy production to sustain life and physical activity.

A.2.3.2: Maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) is influenced by an individual’s age, sex differences, body composition, lifestyle factors and level of fitness.

A.2.3.3: The lactate inflection point is the maximum intensity at which the body can metabolise lactate at the same rate as its production.

A.2.3.4: Excess post-exercise oxygen consumption (EPOC) is required for the body to return to homeostasis and is dependent on the oxygen deficit incurred during exercise. EPOC is typically divided into two subsections: fast and slow.

A.3.1.1: The quality of training design and programme design is an essential element in developing a safe and effective programme for improving health or performance.

A.3.2.1: An active lifestyle supports physical well-being.

A.3.2.2: Prescribing exercise for health and sporting performance needs careful consideration and planning.

A.3.3.1: Fatigue can originate at different levels of the motor or energy pathway, possibly combining a variety of sources.

A.3.3.2: Recovery from exercise.