B.1.1.1: The human skeleton is divided into an axial component and an appendicular component. These have different primary functions.
B.1.1.2: Movements occur in one or more planes, and rotations occur along one or more axes.
B.1.1.3: Anthropometry, the measurement of body segments and proportions of the human body, has applications in many areas of sport and health science.
B.1.2: The structure of connective tissues and joints are related to their function in enabling movement.
B.1.3.1: The body uses different types of muscular contractions to create movement and stability. Each type of contraction has a different function.
B.1.3.2: The sliding filament theory describes the interaction between myofilaments and the molecules responsible for sarcomere or muscle contraction.
B.1.4.1: Three different classes of levers, both within and outside the human body, work to create movements.
B.2.1.1: Linear and angular motion can be analysed using Newton's laws of motion.
B.2.1.2: A collision results in a change in momentum in the colliding bodies.
B.2.1.3: The force of friction is determined by the coefficient of friction.
B.2.1.4: Work results from the application of a force over a distance.
B.2.2.1: The path of a projectile through air is determined by different factors and forces.
B.2.2.2: Environmental conditions such as temperature, humidity, air pressure, wind, salinity of water and altitude affect the external forces acting on an object.
B.2.2.3: The forces, buoyancy, lift and drag acting on a body as it moves through a fluid (air or water) have a measurable effect on its path. A projectile travelling through a fluid may be affected by Bernoulli’s principle, the angle of attack and the Magnus effect.
B.2.3.1: A “phases of movement” approach is used to break down and describe movements.
B.3.1.1: The complex interaction of internal and external risk factors can predispose and make an individual susceptible to injury.
B.3.1.2: An acute trauma is caused by a sudden or excessive application of force, or by a force from an unexpected direction. A cumulative trauma is caused by the repeated application of force.
B.3.1.3: Chronic or overuse injuries are often related to technique.
B.3.2.1: Methods of lowering the risk of injury attempt to minimise the abnormal application of forces and maximise the ability of the body to absorb any such application of force.
B.3.2.2: The initial stages of injury treatment often involve mitigation of inflammation. Serious injuries that involve complete tears or major fractures will sometimes require surgical repair. In the healing process, therapeutic modalities (some managed by para-professionals) are provided to promote healing and a safe return to activity.
B.3.2.3: Treatment of concussion varies based on the specifics of the injury. The pace of recovery is not always linear.
